避(bi)雷(lei)器外形尺寸
  制造(zao)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)均按戶(hu)(hu)內外兩用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件決(jue)定(ding)其(qi)瓷套絕緣(yuan)(yuan)強度(du)，其(qi)外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸與(yu)閥片材料有(you)關。當(dang)其(qi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)架(jia)空(kong)線(xian)路(lu)或(huo)戶(hu)(hu)外變(bian)配電設(she)備(bei)時，因(yin)其(qi)相(xiang)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)大(da)(da)(da)，避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸不(bu)(bu)會(hui)帶(dai)來不(bu)(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響。戶(hu)(hu)內手(shou)車式開(kai)關柜(ju)因(yin)其(qi)體積尺(chi)(chi)寸較小(xiao)，避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外形(xing)(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸大(da)(da)(da)時會(hui)帶(dai)來不(bu)(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響。碳化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)SiC閥片其(qi)單(dan)位通(tong)流(liu)容量僅為(wei)ZnO閥片的(de)(de)(de)1/4，在相(xiang)同(tong)通(tong)流(liu)能力（5kA）條(tiao)件下(xia)，SiC閥片直徑(jing)較大(da)(da)(da)，避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外徑(jing)也大(da)(da)(da)；在相(xiang)同(tong)額(e)定(ding)電壓和殘壓條(tiao)件下(xia)，碳化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)高度(du)比氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋅(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)。尤以35kV級的(de)(de)(de)更為(wei)顯著。如JYN1－35型(xing)手(shou)車柜(ju)的(de)(de)(de)112方案(an)，原用(yong)(yong)FYZ1－35型(xing)無間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋅(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，高僅650mm，裝在柜(ju)后部(bu)隔(ge)室(shi)內簡易手(shou)車上，上部(bu)有(you)隔(ge)離插頭(tou)，因(yin)該產品(pin)已停(ting)產，工程(cheng)設(she)計堅持改用(yong)(yong)FZ3－35型(xing)碳化(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，高1500mm，隔(ge)室(shi)高度(du)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，只得(de)將母線(xian)室(shi)與(yu)隔(ge)室(shi)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)板(ban)取消(xiao)，避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)直接(jie)與(yu)主母線(xian)相(xiang)聯，這樣避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)或(huo)更換需(xu)在整(zheng)段(duan)主母線(xian)斷電下(xia)進行(xing)，運行(xing)維護困難(nan)，而避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外徑(jing)較大(da)(da)(da)，相(xiang)間(jian)(jian)空(kong)氣(qi)凈距(ju)不(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，加裝的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)間(jian)(jian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)隔(ge)板(ban)，有(you)老化(hua)(hua)(hua)受潮絕緣(yuan)(yuan)事故隱患。氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋅(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)外徑(jing)和高度(du)相(xiang)對較小(xiao)，35kV級還可作成懸掛式，如Y5CZz－42/110L型(xing)串聯間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋅(xin)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，高度(du)僅640mm。小(xiao)型(xing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)更有(you)利于(yu)手(shou)車柜(ju)內安裝使用(yong)(yong)。
  避雷器性(xing)能價(jia)格比

  無(wu)間(jian)隙氧(yang)化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)閥片(pian)運行中(zhong)長期(qi)承(cheng)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，工(gong)作條件(jian)嚴酷，產品制(zhi)造(zao)時(shi)(shi)要對(dui)閥片(pian)嚴格測試(shi)篩(shai)選，合(he)格率(lv)低(di)成本高，故(gu)價(jia)格也(ye)(ye)高；因它(ta)(ta)有(you)(you)暫態過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓承(cheng)受能(neng)力差的(de)(de)(de)致命弱點，不適(shi)于(yu)在我國3～35kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)中(zhong)推(tui)廣使(shi)用。串聯間(jian)隙氧(yang)化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)因有(you)(you)間(jian)隙，大大改善閥片(pian)長期(qi)工(gong)作條件(jian)，產品制(zhi)造(zao)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)閥片(pian)測試(shi)篩(shai)選要求(qiu)相對(dui)低(di)些，合(he)格率(lv)高成本低(di)，價(jia)格也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)便宜，串聯間(jian)隙氧(yang)化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)價(jia)格比(bi)無(wu)間(jian)隙氧(yang)化(hua)鋅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)普遍便宜，有(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)比(bi)碳化(hua)硅避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)（如3～10kV的(de)(de)(de)FZ型(xing)）便宜，同時(shi)(shi)它(ta)(ta)對(dui)其它(ta)(ta)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)件(jian)都有(you)(you)揚(yang)長避(bi)短作用，實為當代(dai)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，具有(you)(you)高的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)價(jia)格比(bi)，是避(bi)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)更新換代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)普及和推(tui)廣產品。

  避雷(lei)器使用壽命(ming)問題
  避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)使用壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)與許(xu)多因(yin)素有關，除制造(zao)質量，密封失效(xiao)受潮及其(qi)它外界因(yin)素外，避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)的(de)老化速度(du)是(shi)影響壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)的(de)關鍵因(yin)素。碳(tan)化硅避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)因(yin)其(qi)動(dong)作和負(fu)載重，續流大，動(dong)作特性穩定差，可(ke)能遭受暫態(tai)過(guo)電壓(ya)(ya)危(wei)(wei)害等原因(yin)，加(jia)速閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)老化，壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)不長(chang)，一般7～10年(nian)，甚致有僅3～5年(nian)的(de)。無間(jian)(jian)隙氧化鋅避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)的(de)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)長(chang)期承(cheng)受電網(wang)電壓(ya)(ya)，工作條(tiao)件嚴酷，拐點電壓(ya)(ya)低(di)，動(dong)作頻度(du)大，還可(ke)能遭受暫態(tai)過(guo)電壓(ya)(ya)危(wei)(wei)害，溫(wen)度(du)熱損(sun)傷等原因(yin)，迅速加(jia)快(kuai)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)老化，壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)較短，有的(de)比碳(tan)化硅避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)還短。串聯間(jian)(jian)隙氧化鋅避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)的(de)間(jian)(jian)隙可(ke)保證(zheng)(zheng)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)只在(zai)過(guo)電壓(ya)(ya)保護動(dong)作過(guo)程承(cheng)受高電壓(ya)(ya)，時間(jian)(jian)極短（100μs內(nei)），在(zai)其(qi)它情況下(xia)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)對于(yu)電網(wang)電壓(ya)(ya)，或處于(yu)隔離狀(zhuang)態(tai)（純間(jian)(jian)隙時），或處于(yu)低(di)電位狀(zhuang)態(tai)（復合間(jian)(jian)隙電阻分(fen)壓(ya)(ya)），大大改(gai)善閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)長(chang)期工作條(tiao)件，還可(ke)免受暫態(tai)過(guo)電壓(ya)(ya)危(wei)(wei)害和溫(wen)度(du)熱損(sun)傷，保證(zheng)(zheng)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)片(pian)(pian)溫(wen)度(du)不超過(guo)55℃，從而(er)保證(zheng)(zheng)避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)達20年(nian)以上。

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